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Schneider, Stephen. "Freedom Schooling: Stokely Carmichael and Critical
Rhetorical Education." CCC 58.1 (2006): 46-69.
Abstract:
"Freedom Schooling" looks at a Freedom School class taught by Black Power
activist Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture). Specifically, this article explores
the philosophies of language and education that informed this class and the
organic relationship fostered between the classroom and the political goals of
African American communities during the civil rights era.
- Works Cited
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New York: Random House, 1971.
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Revolution: The Life and Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture). New
York: Scribner, 2003.
- Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the
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Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Westport: Meckler, 1990.
- Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann.
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York: Grove, 1963.
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Ramos. New York: Continuum, 1993.
- Gilyard, Keith. "African American Contributions to Composition Studies."
CCC 50.4 (1999): 626-44.
- Gold, David. "'Nothing Educates Us Like a Shock': The Integrated Rhetoric
of Melvin B. Tolson." CCC 55.2 (2003): 226- 53.
- Gramsci, Antonio. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Ed. and
Trans. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. New York: International
Publishers, 1971.
- Hardin, Joe Marshall. Opening Spaces: Critical Pedagogy and Resistance
Theory in Composition. Albany: State U of New York P, 2001.
- Hollis, Karyn. Liberating Voices: Writing at the Bryn Mawr Summer
School for Women Workers. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2004.
- Jacobs, Paul, and Saul Landau. The New Radicals: A Report with
Documents. New York: Random House, 1966.
- Jefferson, Pat. "'Stokely's Cool': Style." Today's Speech 16.3
(1968): 19-24.
- Kates, Susan. Activist Rhetorics and American Higher Education, 1885-1937.
Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2001.
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Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.
- Moses, Robert,and Charles E. Cobb, Jr.. Radical Equations: Math
Literacy and Civil Rights. Boston: Beacon Press, 2001.
- Parks, Stephen. Class Politics: The Movement for the Students' Right to
Their Own Language. Urbana: NCTE, 2000.
- Richardson, Elaine. African American Literacies. London: Routledge,
2003.
- Robinson, Larry. "Stokely Carmichael: Jazz Artist." Western Speech
34 (1970): 212- 218.
- Smitherman, Geneva. "Black Power Is Black Language." Black Culture:
Reading and Writing Black. ed. Gloria M. Simmons and Helene Hutchinson.
New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1972.
- ---. Talkin that Talk: Language, Culture and Education in America.
New York: Routledge, 1999.
- Ture, Kwame, and Charles V. Hamilton. Black Power: The Politics of
Liberation. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
- "Which Way for the Negro?" Newsweek. May 15, 1967: 27-34.
- Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society.
Rev. ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1983.
- Zinn, Howard. SNCC: The New Abolitionists. Westport: Greenwood,
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Works Citing