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Willa Wolcott. Writing Instruction and Assessment: The Need for Interplay between Process and Product.

Wolcott, Willa. "Writing Instruction and Assessment: The Need for Interplay between Process and Product." CCC 38.1 (1987): 40-46.

Abstract:

Wolcott explains that there is a disconnect between the process model of writing instruction, which emphasizes invention and revision, and current standardized writing assessment tests, which only evaluate the product. Because students will face these kinds of tests both at the university and later in their careers, she argues that composition teachers must teach students how to tackle these types of writing situations. The tests shouldn't dictate our composition classes, but we should show students how to adapt the process model of composing to timed, graded writing tasks.

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Works Citing

Listed below are links to articles that reference Willa Wolcott. Writing Instruction and Assessment: The Need for Interplay between Process and Product.

» M. Jimmie Killingsworth. Product and Process, Literacy and Orality: An Essay on Composition and Culture. from CCC Online

Works Cited
Bataille, Robert R. "Writing in the World of Work: What Our Graduates Report." CCC 33 (1982): 276-280.
Beach, Richard. "Demonstrating Techniques for Assessing Writing in the Writing Conference." CCC 37 (1986): 56-65.
Bridwell, Lillian. "Revising Strategies in Twelfth-grade Students' Transactional Writing." Research in the Teaching of English 14 (1980): 197-222.
Britton, James, Tony Burgess, Nancy Martin, Alex McLeod, Harold Rosen. The Development of Writing Abilities (11-18). London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1975.
Brossell, Gordon. "Current Research and Unanswered Questions in Writing Assessment." Writing Assessment: Issues and Strategies. Ed. Karen L. Greenberg, Harvey S. Wiener, and Richard A. Donovan. New York: Longman, 1986. 168-180.
---. "Research on Writing Assessment." Notes from the National Testing Network in Writing (1985): 10.
Brossell, Gordon and Barbara Hoetker Ash. "An Experiment with the Wording of Essay Topics." CCC 35 (1984): 423-425.
Camp, Roberta. "The Writing Folder in Post-Secondary Assessment." Directions and Misdirections in English Evaluation. Ed. Peter J. A. Evans. Ottawa: The Canadian Council of Teachers of English, 1985. 91-99.
Carroll, Joyce Armstrong. "Process into Product: Teacher Awareness of the Writing Process Affects Students' Written Products." New Directions in Composition Research. Ed. Richard Beach and Lillian S. Bridwell. New York: The Guilford Press, 1984. 315-333.
Cooper, Charles R. and Lee Odell. Evaluating Writing: Describing, Measuring, Judging. Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 1977.
Flower, Linda. Problem Solving Strategies for Writing. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1981.
Flower, Linda and John R. Hayes. "A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing." CCC 32 (1981): 365-386.
Freedman, Sarah Warshauer. "The Registers of Student and Professional Expository Writing: Influences on Teachers' Responses." New Directions in Composition Research. Ed. Richard Beach and Lillian Bridwell. New York: The Guilford Press, 1984. 334-347.
Greenberg, Karen L. "Competency Testing: What Role Should Teachers of Composition Play?" CCC 33 (1982): 366-376.
Hillocks, Jr., George. Research on Written Composition: New Directions for Teaching. Urbana, Illinois: ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communications Skills and the National Conference on Research in English, 1986.
Hoetker, James. "Essay Examination Topics and Students' Writing." CCC 33 (1982): 377-392.
Lederman, Marie Jean. "Why Test?" Writing Assessment; Issues and Strategies, Ed. Karen L. Greenberg, Harvey S. Wiener, and Richard A. Donovan. New York: Longman, 1986. 35-43.
Lloyd-Jones, Richard. "Skepticism about Test Scores." Notes from the National Testing Network in Writing (1982): 3, 9.
Quellmalz, Edys and Richard Stiggins. "Problems and Pitfalls in Writing Assessment." Notes from the National Testing Network in Writing (1985): 4.
Rubin, Donnalee. "Evaluating Freshman Writers: What Do Students Really Learn?" College English 45 (1983): 373-379.
Ruth, Leo and Sandra Murphy. "Designing Topics for Writing Assessment: Problems of Meaning." CCC 35 (1984): 410-421.
Smagorinsky, Peter. "An Apology for Structured Composition Instruction." Written Communication 3 (1986): 105-121.
Sommers, Nancy. "Revision Strategies of Student Writers and Experienced Adult Writers." CCC 31 (1980): 378-388.
White, Edward M. Teaching and Assessing Writing. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985. Winters, Lynn. The Effects of Differing Response Criteria on the Assessment of Writing Competence. University of California, Los Angeles. Center for the Study of Evaluation, 1978. ERIC ED 212 659.
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